Teachings of Jesus and Popular Hellenistic Stories Nauki Jezusa i popularne opowiadania hellenistyczne
نویسنده
چکیده
A very rich material concerning the Hellenistic background of the Gospels has already been collected. However, standard works present most often parallels taken from either Hellenistic Jewish texts or sources later then the Gospels. Studying the remaining texts we find that many parallels happen to be purely verbal, to concern general banal truths, or notions present already in the Old Testament. The remainder, the sifted Greek texts, which could hypothetically influence Jesus, and which are useful for understanding his sayings and parables, consists nearly exclusively of popular stories: anecdotes about the philosophers, proverbial sayings, current ideas, fables and so on. For comparison, books of Qohelet, Ben Sira and Wisdom contain parallels to the Greek literature and philosophy of higher level. It suggests that Jesus, having no formal Greek education, knew quite well the oral and popular Greek traditions and used them to illustrate his teachings. He probably met the Greek stories both directly, speaking Greek, and through the culture of the hellenized Galilee. Streszczenie. Badacze zebrali już bardzo bogate dane na temat hellenistycznego tła Ewangelii. Dzieła podręczne zawierają jednak w większości paralele wzięte z hellenistycznych tekstów żydowskich oraz z utworów późniejszych niż Ewangelie. Wśród pozostałych, wcześniejszych tekstów greckich spotykamy sporo paralel czysto słownych, banalnych prawd ogólnych i idei skądinąd obecnych także w Starym Testamencie. Reszta, teksty przesiane w ten sposób, to prawie wyłącznie opowiadania popularne: anegdoty o filozofach, powiedzenia przysłowiowe, potoczne opinie, bajki itp. Dla porównania, księgi Koheleta, Syracha i Mądrości zawierają paralele do literatury greckiej i utworów filozoficznych. To sugeruje, że Jezus, nie mając formalnego wykształcenia greckiego, znał jednak dość dobrze ustne, popularne tradycje greckie i ich używał dla zilustrowania swojego nauczania. Przypuszczalnie znał takie tradycje bezpośrednio, gdyż znał grekę, i również za pośrednictwem kultury zhellenizowanej Galilei. Michał Wojciechowski
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